Issues in Multicultural Education - 900 Words

Issues in Multicultural Education Effective instructors must understand the issues that impact multicultural education in the United States. The significance of providing an eminence instruction in an unbiased approach to all of their students is essential. The tide of demographic changes in the United States has affected most classrooms in our schools. As a result, some classroom teachers realize they must quickly acquire a comprehensive understanding of ethnic, cultural, and social-class diversity present in today’s schools. Otherwise, these teachers will face difficulty in classrooms comprised of fifty-one percent minority students. (Texas Education Agency, 1993) Nonetheless, traditional teachers with no experience in multicultural†¦show more content†¦So what’s expected? * Effective multicultural education in the classroom. * The improvement of students’ achievement in the classroom. * Understanding diversity * Significance in understanding your students * Importance of diversity * A chievements in teaching your learners effectively. Conclusively, traditional teachers with no experience in multicultural education training is a significant issue in Texas. Although, there are issues in multicultural education, there are solutions to these problem and we are a working progress. Many divisions offer workshops for traditional teachers will no multicultural education training, but the state should provide mandatory attendance for these workshops. Resulting in training in multicultural education will open access for effective multicultural education. Reference: http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/curriculum/concept.html http://www.daytonisd.net/education/district/district.php?sectionid=1 http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/files/rcd/BE020692/Multicultural_Education.pdf https://www.hmns.org/index.php?option=com_contentamp;view=articleamp;id=143amp;Itemid=150 An Examination of Articles in Gifted Education and Multicultural EducationShow MoreRelatedMulticultural Education Issues2680 Words   |  11 PagesMulticultural Education Issues 1 Multicultural Education Issues Multicultural Education Issues The purpose of this study is to discuss teachers resistance to multicultural education and how it affecting the minority students and ELL learners. These negative attitudes that some teachers care can be considered a reason why there is such an increase of high school dropouts. There are so many teachers who often have a fear of teaching or building positive relationships with minorityRead MoreIssues Of Poverty And Multicultural Education Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesIssues of poverty relate to multicultural education because they are both obstacles to overcome as a teacher. In addition, these two might even come hand in hand. In some cases, a child might have to deal with both of these in his/her education, as well as their own learning. To teach a multicultural classroom, one much teach the diverse groups of students in a way that all cultures, ethnicities, and national heritages can learn. Incorporating poverty, including white poverty, into a multiculturalRead MoreIssues Of Multicultural Education / Special Education844 Words   |  4 Pages Issues in Multicultural Education/Special Education In our local school district, there is a main issue with having better support in Special education and Teachers leaving there position. To enforce more help and compassion from others will start with proper teaching and committing to it, along with having more support from the parents. Children in special education are the same as any other child, but involves more needs to be met in order to help these children along the learning process.Read MoreMulticultural Education And Communication Issues1463 Words   |  6 Pages Multicultural Education and Communication Issues In Schools Dorian Stoudemire EDUC 513 American Military University 30 July 2017 â€Æ' Multicultural Education and Communication Issues in Schools Introduction A multicultural setting is considered to have people who have diverse cultural backgrounds. Therefore it is important to consider a school environment as one of those places that have diverse cultural backgrounds. The role of such institutions is to try and provide equal opportunities toRead MoreMulticultural Education : Issues And Perspectives1422 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction It is to be said that each student comes into a classroom with a particular set of unique behaviors and characteristics that will contribute to their academic success. The article Multicultural education: Issues and perspectives by McGee Banks states, Behavior is shaped by group norms ... the group equips individuals with the behavior patterns they need in order to adapt (2005,13). Students will develop a cultural identity through the social groups he/she is involved in through raceRead More Multicultural Education: Piecing Together The Puzzle Essay913 Words   |  4 Pages Multicultural Education: Piecing Together the Puzzle nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When a child opens his (or her) first puzzle and the pieces fall to the ground, it may seem very confusing. What are they to do with this pile of shapes in front of them? It often takes a parent to explain to them that all the different pieces fit together into one whole picture. Although every piece is different and unique, when they are all put into their place they form one whole picture. In the same way, teachersRead MoreImplementing Multicultural Education Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesis any form of change in education that is discussed, there are always those who disagree with that change. These critics deem that they are problems that exist with the concept of multicultural education. One argument against multicultural education is the fear that the lack of a clear definition will essentially confuse teachers which will affect the classroom. Professor Ryan, a professor of education at Lasalle University states that â€Å"the term multicultural education is a slogan. It means differentRead MoreEducating Through A Multicultural Perspective Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesEducating Through a Multicultural Perspective What the Research Says? Defining Multicultural Education The United States serves as a culturally rich country who opens its arms to individuals from many different ethnicities, backgrounds, and life experiences. It seeks to be the melting pot of a blended group of people, providing opportunity and equity for all. Consequently, our educational system is the cornerstone for providing equal opportunity for all persons. Therefore, as the United States continuesRead MoreAfrican American History And Education Of All Perspectives Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesgetting the multicultural education they disserve through education of all perspectives. One can only hope all schools reach beyond stage 3 and have the privilege to be in Stage 5. Gorki’s Stage 5: â€Å"Multicultural, Social Action, and Awareness† is, in a sense, Stage 4 but the teacher able to addressed explicitly important social issues, including racism, sexism, and economic injustice as part of the curriculum. They achieved the goal of letting students themselves becoming another multicultural classroomRead MoreThe History of Multicultural Education Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesespecially with the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement. Although the term â€Å"multicultural education† had not come into play yet, the idea that the U.S needed to reexamine their efforts of educating diverse groups was emerging. During this time inequality especially among minority groups in comparison to the white dominant culture became a social issue (Banks 1999). Before the arrival of this reform multicultural education was displayed in the classroom as having minorities adapt to the predominant

A Brief Note On The Movie Crash - 1307 Words

Patrick Mannella eCore COMM 1100 October 15, 2016 Crash Communication is important in our lives as it enables us to interact with one another, and allows us to form and build upon relationships with other people. However, when communication is not effective or colored by personal biases, it may lead to conflict. In the movie Crash, the characters are faced with a number of social issues, born from their inability to communicate with one another as well as their perceived notions of racial and cultural biases. Through the interactions between the characters this film allows us to understand how interpersonal communication affects individuals be it with strangers, friends, or family. In the early scenes of the film, we are introduced to two black individuals, Anthony and Peter, who get into an argument about the stereotyping of the black community. Anthony displays concepts of reflected appraisal as he places the assumption that all white individuals are racist toward other black individuals. Reflected appraisal, in the communication proc ess, is essentially an individual’s perception of how others view or evaluate them. Anthony supports this claim by expressing how the waitress in the diner they just left did not refill his coffee but refilled the coffee of other white customers. His friend Peter points out that his coffee was not finished and the diner was packed, indicating that there were other logical reasons besides Anthony’s claims. However, Anthony is insistentShow MoreRelatedThe Inside Job, By Charles Ferguson Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagestouches on issues such as poor risk assessments made by credit rating agencies and the careless redistribution of sub-prime mortgages through predatory lending, but it fails to go into much depth about such issues. Based on my personal comparatively brief and superficial studying of the financial crisis of 2008, it appears as if this documentary does not have errors of incorrect inclusion of facts and events, instead the documentary seems to have areas of à ¢â‚¬Å"selective exclusion†, so to say, but more onRead MoreAn Anaylysis of Cast Away3505 Words   |  15 Pages(GSJ1115D) Instructor: Sharon Hanscom April 29, 2011 An Analysis of Cast Away In the 2000 film, Cast Away starring Tom Hanks as Chuck Noland, as a â€Å"FedEx systems engineer whose ruled-by-the-clock existence abruptly ends when a harrowing plane crash leaves him isolated on a remote island† (Washington Post, 2000). Through analysis of this film, we explore how Chucks’ consistent existence in everyday life is dramatically changed as he struggles to survive on this remote island where he discoversRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Mount An Effort On The World s Finance Markets 2267 Words   |  10 Pagesstrongly support this argument. Ferguson s position regarding the recent global financial collapse is fairly obvious, through the use of this documentary he argues that the greed of wall street is one of the significant factors that led to 2008’s crash. The film shows us how the financial industry turned its back on society, corrupted the political system and plunged the world into economic crisis. Ferguson takes the viewer on a journey that ends with anger and disbelief over how the crisis was handledRead MoreA Brief History And Analysis Of Portrayal Of Women Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesMcNamara 6 Alyssa McNamara Dr. Michael I. Niman SPC 333 5 December 2016 A Brief History and Analysis of the Portrayal of Women in Magazines Throughout history women have been depicted and treated as an inferior to the male all aspects of life. It is without debate, that to this day, like many other countries, the United States of America is a patriarchal society, valuing men over women and using various tactics to oppress women by constructing gender roles. These gender roles are thrust uponRead More Slaughterhouse-Five: The Novel and the Movie Essay examples3404 Words   |  14 PagesSlaughterhouse-Five: The Novel and the Movie In 1972 director George Roy Hill released his screen adaptation of Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five (or The Childrens Crusade; A Duty Dance With Death). The film made over 4 million dollars and was touted as an artistic success by Vonnegut (Film Comment, 41). In fact, in an interview with Film Comment in 1985, Vonnegut called the film a flawless translation of his novel, which can be considered an honestRead MoreIntroduction to Film Cinema and Literature12137 Words   |  49 PagesKinetoscope, which was a sort of peep show device (Fig.1.4 1.5). The device became very popular and was adopted by many business men. The Lumiere brothers envisioned great wealth in their ability to increase the number of people who can watch a movie at the same time. To achieve this, they made people sit in a darkened room to watch motion picture projected on a screen. In 1895, they patented a device that both photographed and projected action which was named Cinematography (Fig.1.6). Some commonRead MoreTranslation of Newspapers. Problems of British-American Press Headlines Translation15808 Words   |  64 Pagesinformative newspaper genre constitute the core content of newspaper contexts. A translator of social and political literature often has to translate articles and notes of informative nature from British and American newspapers, and he should know the stylistic features of such materials well. Newspaper style includes informative materials: news in brief, headlines, ads, additional articles. But not everything published in the paper can be included in the newspaper style; we mean publicist essays, featureRead MoreEssay about The Razors Edge Study Guide23742 Words   |  95 Pageshis questions through the teachings of Eastern spiritual men. While Larry is traveling and searching for answers, his former fiancye, Isabel, marries someone because of money instead of love, and she must deal with the effects of the stock market crash. They meet up again in Paris, completely different people. Larry has found peace, while Isabel, a socialite more interested in money than love, eventually moves back to the U.S. to live a prosperous but spiritually shallow life. W. Somerset MaughamRead MoreThe Independence Of Meta Cinema And Authorship4881 Words   |  20 Pagestwo fragments are incomplete, the third prolongs the previous two and fully displays itself after Ferrand successfully sho ots a car crash while applying a cinematic technique called ?day for night?[nuit am?ricaine in French][footnoteRef:3]. The black-and-white dream imagery shows a boy with a cane approaching an iron gate which appears to be the door to a locked movie theatre. He stretches his cane through the iron fence and manages to hook and move the portable exhibition stands towards himself.Read MoreMarketing: Video Game Console and Shoppers Stop4055 Words   |  17 Pagesabout a new product or feature amp; to build primary demands is known as Ans) Informative advertising 10. An art that predicts the likelihood of economic activity on the basis of certain assumptions Ans) Sales forecasting Part Two: 1.Write a note on importance of consumer behavior for a business firm? 2.Define the term ‘Price’. 3.Distinguish between Marketing Concept and Selling Concept? 4.What are the new trends in advertisement? 5.Briefly explain the following : a) Socio –culture environment

Appendix H Topic Sentence Outline Free Essays

Associate Level Material Appendix H Topic Sentence and Informal Outline Worksheet Using the Center for Writing Excellence and My Foundations Lab resources, provide the topic sentence and informal outline for your Personal Ethics Statement. †¢ Topic sentence: Many people believe that having good personal ethics is not as important as it used to be. However, ethics are what make a person who they are and how they live their daily lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Appendix H Topic Sentence Outline or any similar topic only for you Order Now A person’s personal ethics are the ideas that they believe are the most important to them, such as honesty, integrity, and morals. Informal outline: Personal ethics are a person’s beliefs about their morals and knowing right from wrong. Having good personal ethics is important when it comes to family, every day society, work and school. Most people who have good personal ethics are likely to be honest in their personal lives and chances are they will also be honest in their professional life as well. Teaching personal ethics within your family is a very important part of many cultures and different family units. In many cases this is where adults have learned their ethics from such things as honesty, integrity, and morals. Ethics in a way can also become traditions and a way of life. Ethics in the workplace and school are important because it creates a safe and secure environment for everyone around. While at school and work there are certain rules that are in place to make sure that everyone feels comfortable. A person having good personal ethics holds him or herself accountable in a moral sense and can determine how their values affect their social environment. How to cite Appendix H Topic Sentence Outline, Essay examples

The Power of Media free essay sample

In the text â€Å"Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt: Advertising and Violence†, Jean Kilbourne, an award winning author and educator who is internationally recognized for her innovative work on images of woman in advertising, argues how media images influence our interactions and shape our social reality. Kilbourne’s sensible analysis of these powerful and harmful advertisements lacks a simplistic cause and effect relationship between the way we act and the images presented to us. With an analytic investigation of Kilbourne’s text one can locate several solid examples where she explains the relationship between images and actions. Kilbourne claims, â€Å"Male violence is subtly encouraged by ads that encourage men to be forceful and dominant, and to value sexual intimacy more than emotional intimacy†(460). Though this may be a valid claim one may agree with, another may also argue as to why the advertisement is to blame, and that is why Kilbourne specifically comments that, â€Å"Ads don’t directly cause violence, of course†(466). We will write a custom essay sample on The Power of Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As we know, there are many different forms and styles of advertising such as television commercials, radio commercials, newspapers, magazines, billboards, and even on city benches; basically anywhere a victim could happen to glance. It is nearly impossible for an average American to go through a single day without recognizing an advertisement. So how do we know for sure whether or not we can blame advertisements, as Kilbourne can even agree â€Å"†¦it is difficult to separate media effects from other aspects of the socialization process and almost impossible to find a comparison group (just about everyone in America has been exposed to massive doses of advertising)†(478). All these ads are not necessarily a bad thing though; they can sometimes be a great way to find new and exciting things like food, vacation resorts, almost anything. The main ads people need to be aware of are those of which objectify or single out a specific someone by the means of its visual media or the hidden message, in order to capture the audiences attention. These ads specifically are the main concern due to the use of physical dominance, vulgar language, and most commonly the power of female sexuality and male predation. The reason they are so harmful is due to the cleverness of objectifying a person just as Kilbourne states â€Å"Turning a human being into a thing, an object, is almost always the first step toward justifying violence against a person. It is very difficult, perhaps impossible, to be violent to someone we think of as equal, someone we have empathy with, but it is very easy to abuse a thing. †(466). A worthy example in Kilbourne’s text is an advertisement that shows a young attractive woman in an elevator, under dressed standing in a posture that hints toward the viewer that she is looking for trouble, or as Kilbourne comments â€Å"she is literally asking for it† (464). While at the bottom of the same ad it reads â€Å"Push my Buttons, I’m looking for a man who can totally floor me, who wont stop till the top. You: must live in SYN. For men SYN Jeans†(464). Now who would have ever thought that it would have turned out to be just an ad for some name brand Jeans? The language used in the ad completely made the woman appear and sound like an object, one that wants to be controlled and abused by a violent aggressive man. The unbelievable thing about this ad is that it undoubtedly caught the attention of a large number of viewers, specifically males, even though it had nothing to do with the jeans themself. From the last example, imagine how many men looked at the ad and immediately thought of physically controlling and possibly being violent with the young woman. And that’s because there are too many advertisements that lead men to believe that they are in complete control, for example one ad in the text shows a man aggressively pulling on a woman’s hair as he has her pinned from behind. Because ads are not rated for a specific audience, even young children have access to these powerful messages. Kilbourne’s idea confirms, â€Å"†¦boys already have the right to ogle, to view women’s bodies as property to be looked at, commented on, touched, perhaps eventually hit and raped†(468). In contrast men are not viewed as the property of woman, therefore there is generally no danger for most men, whereas objectified woman are always at risk (Kilbourne 467). Another advertisement in Kilbourne’s text for cologne shows two women grabbing and looking adoringly at the man in between them, but he is not looking at either one of them nor is he touching them. A message that reads, â€Å"Don’t be such a good boy† is printed toward the bottom of the ad. Kilbourne’s response to the ad suggests, â€Å"Clearly the way to get beautiful woman is to ignore them, perhaps mistreat them† (460). The message that is sent to viewer from this ad can be considered quite sexual, and it is not hard to understand; again allowing premature viewers to get an idea of what should be adult content. Even though the appearance of the ad is clean, the message is not. It is not doubtful that today’s children understand these harmful messages more than ever before, due to the fact that it is literally surrounding them. These encounters on virgin eyes begin to build up and piece together like a puzzle. Once enough pieces have been gathered, the social reality of gender statuses and social roles begin to develop. Children admire becoming older, more or less have such roles and status just like adults, therefore when they witness and encounter behaviors in media it tends to act as a model. This has begun to be a problem at younger and younger ages as Kilbourne disputes, â€Å"A fifth-grade boy in Georgia repeatedly touched the breasts and genitals of one of his fellow students while saying, â€Å"I want to get in bed with you† and â€Å"I want to feel your boobs†Ã¢â‚¬ (475). Now how in the hell does a boy that young find himself in such a position. Is it the media to blame or the parents, or both? Where did the boy interact with that type of communication and mature content, because those ideas didn’t just spring up? Something or someone led him to believe that this type of communication was okay. All in all Kilbourne uses great advertisement examples to explain how media influences ones actions and ideas to be violent and or sexually physical toward woman. By expressing her own reactions, opinions and feelings as a woman she makes it easier for others to relate and understand her argument. She explains how harmful media influences damaging consequences especially to children. When an audience views these compelling messages it leaves an impression, especially to young vulnerable children. These youngsters naturally reenact or do what they have acquired from the messages in media, thinking that it is acceptable because they don’t know any better, like the once popular cliche, monkey see monkey do.

Business Innovation and Strategy

The beauty and cosmetics industry is at the core of becoming increasingly competitive through the use of newer technologies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Innovation and Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Owing to the market created by the baby boomers when it comes to personalized beauty products, it is generally thought that the industry can use emergent technology to develop anti-aging solutions for use by beauty seekers in this group of the population. This paper describes how such an innovation relates to current business trends as well as the product life-cycle. One of the underlying trends in the beauty and cosmetics industry is that of the boomer population favoring ‘cosmeceuticals’ (personal-care products with supposed skin-enhancing ingredients) for purposes of looking younger. Additionally, the urban and affluent customer base is willing to pay a premium not only to maint ain young and presentable looks, but also to use the latest innovations in enhancing their personal and professional life. Another current business trend of great importance is that now, more than ever before, people are using green and sustainable products manufactured using non-toxic and earth-friendly processes. With the above current business trends in mind, the new anti-aging innovation targets to use active and natural ingredients (e.g., plant extracts from Lily Herbceuticals and Tibetan Snow Lotus) to come up with the final products depending on customer preferences and use.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The idea to use such natural ingredients as opposed to chemicals is firmly embedded in the trends of customers using modern-day ‘cosmeceuticals’ with supposed skin-enhancing ingredients, people always wanting to use latest beauty innovations to look you ng and presentable in their personal and professional engagements, and people always wanting to use products developed using green and sustainable processes. Technology can be used in new ways to ensure that these innovative ideas are implemented in the beauty and cosmetics industry, hence enhancing the competitive advantage of the business. For example, new computer-based technology can be used to extract customers’ own stem cells and conduct a comprehensive analysis, with the view to understanding the ingredients that should be used to make anti-aging products for diverse members of the population. This type of technology assists in the alignment of the business with a current business trend, which seems to insinuate that consumers want to see results, not promises. In this light, it can be argued that the anti-aging products will gain a lot of favor among the baby boomers, who have money to spend but would still want to attain desirable appearances. Additionally, the busin ess can benefit from upcoming technology companies that employ algorithms to match customers with individualized beauty samples. Such a technological innovation, in my view, will see the market for beauty and cosmetics products quadruple as customers will be assured that the anti-aging products on offer will not have adverse effects on them. Such products may be sold at a premium price, but this resonates well with another current business trend which postulates that no matter the age of the customer, spending in the 21st century is leaning toward higher-performance products. Lastly, in the product life cycle, it is suggested that most anti-aging products are past the introduction stage into their growth stage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Innovation and Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, launching into this market using the innovative ideas and business trends discussed in this paper is likely to occasion a strong growth in sales and profits, hence ensuring the business will sustain a competitive advantage and also invest more funds in the promotional activity to optimize the potential of this growth phase. This essay on Business Innovation and Strategy was written and submitted by user Hepz1bah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Past Year Paper for Fnsacc601A Marking Guide Essays

Past Year Paper for Fnsacc601A Marking Guide Essays Past Year Paper for Fnsacc601A Marking Guide Essay Past Year Paper for Fnsacc601A Marking Guide Essay This document provides detailed guidance for assessors or teachers only. It is to be used as a reference document for marking. It is not for use as a recording document. It is not appropriate under any circumstances to issue this document to students. About this guide This document contains advice for assessors and teachers, to allocate marks or results for all the learning activities for FNSACC601A Prepare complex tax returns.Students must be competent in each element to pass this assessment In order to achieve competency in this assessment you must meet the requirements set out in the table below for each question. Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Marks available 15 6 15 15 10 15 24 100 Mark Required to Achieve Competency 8 3 8 8 5 8 12 52 The purpose of the Marking guide is to ensure that adequate information is provided for consistent marking to take place. This will help ensure that Australian Quality Training Framework requirements for assessment reliability are met.Refer to the informa tion in the footer space of this document to identify: ? the correct Assessment guide this document refers to- the footer information in the Assessment guide and corresponding Marking guide must match ? whether you have the latest version of this Marking guide. 2 LT014090 Workplace Simulation (Test A) Marking Guide, FNSACC601A Edition 1 2 Â © New South Wales, Department of Education and Training 2011, Version 1, June 2011 Question 1 (15 marks) a) 7 marks (deduct 1 mark per error) Assessable income Gross income Bank interest received Deductions Salaries -employees Superannuation -employees Interest on loan -Sally -Whitehouse finance Other expenses General asset pool decline in value 30% of $100,000 Partnership net income $ 414,000 2,000 105,000 10,000 3,000 18,000 133,000 30,000 $ 416,000 299,000 117,000 (b) 4 marks (deduct 1 mark per error) $ Partnership net income, as above Less Salary Harry Sally Interest on capital Harry Sally Adjusted net income 60,000 40,000 7,000 5,000 $ 117,000 12,000 5,000 Salaries $ Harry Sally PARTNERSHIP DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Int. on capital $ Adj net income $ Share of net inc. $ 60,000 7,000 2,500 69,500 40,000 5,000 2,500 47,500 100,000 12,000 5,000 117,000 (c) 4 marks (deduct 1 mark per error) Assessable income Share of partnership net income Interest of loan to partnership Share of net capital gain ? ($500,000 320,000) less 50% discount Allowable deduction: Tax loss carried forward from the 2009/10 year Taxable income $ 47,500 3,000 45,000 95,500 15,000 80,500LT014090 Workplace Simulation (Test A) Marking Guide, FNSACC601A Edition 1 2 Â © New South Wales, Department of Education and Training 2011, Version 1, June 2011 3 Question 2 (6 marks) Each part is worth 2 marks Part A Answer is (e) None of the above one quarter of ($130,000 + $150,000) = $70,000 Answer is (e) None of the above ($96,000 + $50,000) = $146,000 Answer is (a) $90,000 ($85,000 + $25,000 $20,000) = $90,000 Part B Part C 4 LT014090 Workplace Simula tion (Test A) Marking Guide, FNSACC601A Edition 1 2 Â © New South Wales, Department of Education and Training 2011, Version 1, June 2011Question 3 (15 marks) (a) 9 marks (deduct 1 mark per error) Assessable Income Employer contributions 125,000 + 20,000+ 15,000 Foreign Income – Canadian trust 40,000 + 10,000 Franked dividends – Private Pty Ltd Franking credit – Private Pty Ltd 21,000 x 30/70 Net Capital Gain Franked dividends – Listed companies Franking credits – listed companies 24,500 x 30/70 Allowable Deductions Life Insurance Premiums Administration costs $ 160,000 50,000 21,000 9,000 81,000 24,500 10,500 6,000 4,000 356,000 $ 10,000 346,000Net Capital Gain Gain on shares in Private Pty Ltd Gain on shares in ANZ Bank Ltd Gain on shares in Landfill Mining NL Less discount 1/3 (109,000 – 25,000) 45,000 – 21,000 135,000 – 75,000 30,000 – 5,000 $ 24,000 60,000 25,000 109,000 28,000 81,000 (b) 6 marks (deduct 1 mark pe r error) Tax Payable Tax on excessive non-arms length (50% x 30,000) x 45% income Tax on contributions with no TFN 5,000 x 46. 5% Tax on low component (346,000 – 15,000 – 5,000) x 15% Less Franking credit offset Foreign tax credit PAYG Instalments Tax Refundable $ $ 6,750. 00 2,325. 0 48,900. 00 57,975. 00 (9,000 + 10,500) 19,500. 00 7,500. 00 36,500. 00 63,500. 00 5,525. 00 LT014090 Workplace Simulation (Test A) Marking Guide, FNSACC601A Edition 1 2 Â © New South Wales, Department of Education and Training 2011, Version 1, June 2011 5 Question 4 (15 marks) (a) 5 marks (deduct 1 mark per error) Beneficiary Present Legal Entitlement Disability Lindy Y N Rock Y Y Cindy Y N Dot Y Y Balance N n/a Who assessed Lindy Trustee Cindy Trustee Trustee Section(s) applicable 97 98 97/101 98 99 Amount $ 30,000 20,000 36,000 17,500 16,500 120,000 b) 6 marks (2 marks per trustee assessment – deduct 1 mark per error) Tax payable by Trustee Sec 98 Trustee a/c Rock Tax on $20, 000 Medicare Levy Less Low Income Offset 15% x (20,000 -6,000) 10% x (20,000 – 18,488) $ 2,100. 00 151. 20 2,251,20 1,500. 00 751. 20 Sec 98 Trustee a/c Dot Tax on $17,500 Medicare Levy Less Low Income Offset 15% x (17,500 -6,000) below threshold $ 1,725. 00 Nil 1,725,00 1,500. 00 225. 00 Sec 99 Trustee (balance) Tax on $16,500 15% x (16,500 -6,000) 1,575. 00 c) 4 marks (deduct 1 mark per error) Tax payable by Dot Tax on eligible income ($30,000) Tax on excepted income ($17,500) Medicare Levy Less s100 credits (12,450 + 225) Low Income Offset 1500-4% (47,500-30,000) Tax payable 45% x 30,000 15% x (17,500 – 6,000) 1. 5% x 47,500 13,500. 00 1,725. 00 712. 50 15,937. 50 12,675. 00 800. 00 13,475. 00 2,462. 50 6 LT014090 Workplace Simulation (Test A) Marking Guide, FNSACC601A Edition 1 2 Â © New South Wales, Department of Education and Training 2011, Version 1, June 2011 Question 5 (10 marks) a) 3 marks (deduct 1 mark per error) Retainer – Football Club Trust Di stribution – deceased estate Net business income Interest Excepted assessable income $ 15,000 6,000 9,700 500 31,200 (10,000 – 300) (b) 3 marks (deduct 1 mark per error) $ 31,000 2,800 33,800 Income from discretionary trust Unfranked dividends Eligible assessable income (c) 4 marks (deduct 1 mark per error) Tax on excepted income of $31,200 Tax on eligible income of $33,800 Medicare levy on $65,000 Less s100 credit Low income offset 1500-(65,000-30,000) x 4% Tax Payable 15% (31,200-6,000) 45% x 33,800 1. 5% x 65,000 12,915 100 3,780 15,210 975 19,965 13,015 6,950 LT014090 Workplace Simulation (Test A) Marking Guide, FNSACC601A Edition 1 2 Â © New South Wales, Department of Education and Training 2011, Version 1, June 2011 7 Question 6 (15 marks) (a) 10 marks (deduct 1 mark per error) ASSESSABLE INCOME Gross profit – livestock trading Balancing adjustment -computer DEDUCTIONS Rations Rabbit-proof fence Water facility dam Phone lines Agistment Farm management deposits Other operating Costs Decline in value $ 585,000 300 $ 585,300 (3 x 20) + (5 x 4) landcare operations 1/3 x 12,000 1/10 x 6,000 54,000 – (3 x 2,000) Laptop computer (

Chinese Brushwork in Calligraphy and Painting Essay

Chinese Brushwork in Calligraphy and Painting - Essay Example The essay "Chinese Brushwork in Calligraphy and Painting" explores the history and development of Chinese Brushwork in Calligraphy and Painting. The term calligraphy, in an approving way, illustrates the Chinese use of line of painting. Brushwork can be described as an indispensable characteristic of Chinese painting. Brushwork and ink provide the basis for Chinese pictures even with employment of color. Chinese art Cognoscenti recognize the character of a line the moment they cite a painting. Chinese writing and painting developed simultaneously sharing the same techniques and tools. Some types of brushes able to create rhythmically diminishing and swelling lines developed between 4500 and 2000 BC embellished linear patterns on pottery jars. Block-like symbols characterize Chinese writing. These bock-like symbols stand for ideas. These symbols are referred to as the characters which evolved from pictograms. The ancient painters and calligraphers regularized the symbols where they de signed each one the symbols to conform to an imaginary square, whether composed of one or 64 strokes. The ancient Chinese calligraphers and painters drew the strokes in regard to a character in a certain order. Calligraphy developed swiftly yielding numerous classes of script. Regular and clerical scripts consist of short, detached strokes easily written with a brush. As the delight of writing took charge, calligraphers devised more techniques, as well as the cursive and running scripts where the calligraphers joined. character’s lines and dots they wrote independently in formal styles (Fazzioli, 1986, p. 35). The earliest form of Chinese writings was the oracle bones referred to as chia-ku-we. These writings were mainly used for sacred functions e.g. connecting with the gods. Chia-ku-we was an oracle-bone with inscriptions on tortoise shells and animal bones (Kwo, 1990, p. 61-63). Chuan-shu, a seal script, characterized the Second evolution of Chinese calligraphy. This form of writing emanated from oracle-bone script. The script was compatible other plans that calligraphers used previously (Kwo, 1990, p. 60). Another change was made to design an aspect that came up with clerical script, known as li shu. Calligraphers and painters wrote the design on silk and paper (Fazzioli, 1986, p. 67). This allowed additional fluid strokes. This is unlike previous cast of iron. The breakthrough of coming up with clerical script, which used brushes and ink marked the starting of calligraphy as a mode of expressing through art. The discovery of clerical script did not mark the end of calligraphy development, but it opened up chances for more improvements. Some of the later designed that improved the calligraphy writings include cursive script, standard script, and running a script (Kwo, 1990, p. 66). Cursive script started as a shorthand technique used in writing personal letters and notes inclusive of the writer and close friends. Invention of this script took place in the early second century B.C.E. Since cursive script allowed for more personalization, it became a channel for â€Å"individual expression that sometimes transcended the contents of the texts†. Creation of Kai-shu happened in efforts to improve the clerical script. It started from the Han Dynasty. Calligraphy gurus of Tang reign altered the previous script from the six reigns and created a â€Å"bold yet elegant standard-type script† (Nakata, 1982, p. 25) that balanced composition of character with brush movement. A simplified version and a freehand method of standard script were referred to as the running script

Will Global Warming Heat up Or Cool Down the Economy Essay

Will Global Warming Heat up Or Cool Down the Economy - Essay Example These changes in precipitation in turn increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events like floods, droughts, heat waves, hurricanes and tornados. The effects of these severe weather disturbances range from lower agricultural yields, glacial retreat, less summer stream flows, extinction of species and increase in the number of disease vectors (Wikipedia). The scientific community is now nearly unanimous in heaping the blame for global warming on human activities, with only a small minority of the scientists absolves man for the phenomenon. But the persistent debate centers somewhere else, such as on how much worse climate change will occur in the future, and what needs to be done to reverse or at least reduce it. The relationship between global warming and hurricanes is another subject that is hotly debated. If the world's climatic scientists agree on one thing, it is on the superlative force of Hurricane Katrina, which swept across the Americas and Europe in 2004. The consensus is that no natural calamity in memory matched the scope and magnitude of the damage it wrought on lives, property and the economy. But the suspected link between weather events like Katrina and global warming is yet to be proven. Research by a group of German scientists argues that the devastating floods in central Europe in 2002, for example, were perfectly normal events based on historical record (Murray, I., 2006). Other hurricane scientists agree that there is no way to blame global warming for Hurricane Katrina. Allegations that extreme weather events had become more damaging lately do not take into account the fact that human beings now live and invest resources in more dangerous areas, such as mountainside and seacoasts. The increase in the recorded number of these weather disturbances may be due to better observation and reporting methods. Thus, when the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) claimed that global warming exacerbated the 2004 hurricane season that produced Katrina, a top IPCC expert resigned in January 2005 in complete disagreement. Philip Klotzbach of the Colorado State University says that based on his own studies, most increases in Category 4-5 hurricanes between the period 1986-95 and 1996-2005 are due to improved observation technology. This indicates that other factors dictate the intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones. There is as yet no scientific consensus that global warming will cause damaging climate change, notwithstanding claims by UNEP, IPICC and the US National Academy of Sciences that there is such a growing agreement. But the scientists do agree that the global average temperature is rising. What the scientists don't know yet are: 1) whether past temperature changes should be attributed to carbon dioxide levels; 2) predicting future temperature levels confidently and accurately; and 3) what temperature change levels would be damaging to life on earth. The NAS itself says that the 20 years' worth of knowledge and data on this discipline is not long and sufficient enough to estimate long-term trends.

V&Cwk3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

V&Cwk3 - Essay Example ent who comes for career counseling or any other counseling is a way to cause harm to the client which is a violation of A.4 (a), which says that counselors are to do no harm to their clients. Section B explains information about confidentiality and the most important section to me is B.1 (a) which talks about respecting client rights, taking into consideration multicultural and diversity issues. This section brings to mind that it is important to understand how different cultures see confidentiality, privacy views toward disclosure, and more (NCDA, p. 10). Since we live in a global world, it is important to be well rounded as a counselor. Section C speaks to professional responsibility, Capuzzi and Stauffer state that this section says that "professionals must perform at the highest level of their ability" (p. 97). I agree with this statement and section C.2 (a) is most important in this section because it says that career professionals must only work within the "boundaries of their competence" (NCDA, p. 15). This means as an example, that a career professional does not engage in mental health counseling because it is not within the scope of practice. I believe this is important because professionals must understand they cannot be everything to every client. They are governed by their "education, training, supervised experience, state and national professional credentials and appropriate professional experience" (NCDA, p. 15). The standards that I chose to compare with the NCDA standards re the American Counseling Association (ACA) standards. The first difference between these two that I see are the way they are set up for reading. The ACA standards have thee columns and each section is separated by a blue box so the reader knows which section they are in. The NCDA guidelines are easier to read because they are spaced out a little more. Both guidelines speak to the counseling relationship and they both say that counselors should avoid harm to clients. The ACA

CSR Policy At BHP Billiton

CSR Policy At BHP Billiton After thorough deliberation of the research, the analysis indicates that BHP boasts of a good CSR reputation. However the activities that feature in this report are questionable CSR practices and there is a growing gap between BHPs rhetoric and the reality of its operations. The report also evaluates why these controversial activities have not had a significant effect on BHPs corporate image. In particular, outlining BHPs use of its CSR Policy as a Public Relations (PR) tool to manage its reputation. Table of Contents Introduction BHP Billiton was formed in 2001 through the merger of the BHP (a natural resource company) and Billiton (mining company). It now operates in 25 countries, employs approximately 41,000 people and has a market value of over 250 billion (BHP Billiton, Our business n.d.). Milton Friedman describes CSR as a fundamentally subversive doctrine and states that there is one and only one social responsibility of business which is to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so as long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud (Hamilton Fitzgerald 2005). While many leading companies are genuinely moving in this direction, others are simply seeking a relatively short-term improved public perception of their operations. Increasingly CSR has become a major concern in the global mining economy because of the heightened awareness of unethical business behaviour. Most recent examples of this include the devastating oil spill in 2010 by British Petroleum (BP) in the Gulf of Mexico (BP, Gulf of Mexico Restoration n.d.). Price Waterhouse Coopers identify a number of challenges BHP and many other natural resource companies face in todays environment: improving safety and reducing the environmental impact improving performance and operational effectiveness managing risk complying with regulatory reporting requirements and addressing sustainability issues. (Price Waterhouse Coopers, n.d) BHP Billiton BHP responds to community expectations with a combination of policys including a code of conduct, sustainable development policy and many others designed to set the standard of which it conducts its business. At the forefront of this approach stands BHPs CSR Policy. CSR Policy BHP define its CSR Policy as a requirement to address risks, explicitly stating it has zero tolerance for the misconduct of: child labour, forced or compulsory labour, treatment of employees, living wages, workplace health and safety, freedom of association, world heritage sites and protected areas, biofuels, corruption, bribery and extortion, compliance with laws, discrimination, indigenous rights and the environment (BHP Billiton, Corporate social responsibility requirements n.d). Communication and Advertisement BHP uses four communication channels on its website to advertise its CSR Policy: reports, which reference CSR information for stakeholders, announcements, available on its home page which are designed to provide updates on their CSR performance and activities, multimedia, the website also offers effective use of multimedia to enhance their CSR information through relevant images, interviews and other media, feedback, BHP invites stakeholders to provide feedback via their website by submitting online questions (BHP Billiton, Our business n.d.). Uniqueness of CSR Policy The level of CSR differs from each company, however after comparing BHP with Shell and British Petroleum, two of its natural resource competitors; it is clear all three competitors are trying to get value from their CSR reporting by focusing on the environmental and social concerns of their stakeholders. This includes such things as political, economic, environmental, social, legal and cultural factors. Drivers of CSR (Benn Dunphy 2007) argue that corporate social responsibility may in fact be the consequence of profitability rather than the cause. So the question stands, is BHPs CSR Policy driven by true concern for society, or is it another way to increase corporate profit? BHP argue that its decision to report on Corporate Social Responsibility is based on: consideration of the key health, safety, environment, community and socio-economic risks of our business consideration of stakeholder feedback and commentary with regards to issues of materiality a desire to continually improve reporting standards Evidence of Commitment to CSR BHP uses a number of methods to ensure it complies with its CSR Policy. This includes but is not limited to: conducting a progress assessment on its performance in relation to the UN Global Compact principle and the Global Reporting Initiative which are designed to align their operations. holding an annual Forum on Corporate Responsibility (FCR) that brings together representatives of senior management and key non-government organisations and community opinion leaders to discuss and debate social and environmental matters relevant to BHP. Investing in community projects and recording its community contributions spend against the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDG), this presents a consistent framework for measuring tangible progress. The reporting methods noted above are publically available on BHPs website, this is proof that BHP acknowledges the challenges in the nature of its operations. Assurance BHP commissioned the URS in 2006 to provide an independent review of its Sustainability Report (URS Australia, n.d). The results indicated that BHPs Sustainability Report fairly represents the health and safety, environment, community and socio-economic impacts of its operations. Rhetoric or Reality BHP Billiton has argued in theory that it abides by its strong corporate responsibility; however there is a growing gap between its rhetoric and the reality of its activities. The following cases are examples of challenges faced by BHPs operations when policy does not equate to practice: Natural Resource Industry BHPs core business is to provide natural resources, an industry which has had increased social pressures to act responsibly. It can be argued that BHPs CSR Policy was produced as a public relations tool to mitigate the negative impacts of its core business activities and also to maximise profits for its stakeholders. The real test here is does BHP act ethically when it has the opportunity to make a profit (Pratt Nikolova 2006). This was demonstrated most recently when BHP advised of its intentions to supply the Chinese energy market with an additional 10,500 tonnes of uranium annually. The Australian Conservation Foundation (ACF) warn that once the uranium enters China it will disappear from the safeguards radar, this could potentially lead to devastating outcomes such as nuclear proliferation. Clearly BHP has a greater CSR here but unfortunately the $80 million in revenue was more important than its public image or the health of the wider community. Economic Influence BHPs CSR Policy specifically prohibits the influence of government officials to support the company practices. Most recently in 2010 the Australian Federal Government proposed a super profit mining tax estimating to have made $100 billion in revenue between 2012-13 and 2020-21. However the government was subsequently influenced by three major mining companies including BHP, who explicitly opposed the tax proposal, threatening Australias investment capital (The mining company that cried poor 16 February 2011). As a result the Prime Minister slashed 30 per cent of the tax which means the Australian taxpayers will take a forecast revenue hit of $60 billion over a decade while BHP reports over $10 billion profit for the second half of 2010. Corruption, Bribery and Extortion Clarke (2007) argues that the debate concerning the true extent of the accountability and responsibility continues to the present day. BHP states that: All contract related transactions and payments, including those in connection with gifts and hospitality and other expenditures, must be accurately recorded in reasonable detail in the books and records of any supplier who works on behalf of BHP Billiton (BHP Bilton, Corporate social responsibility requirements). However in April 2010 BHP was investigated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission after Cambodias Minister for Water Resources told the countrys National Assembly that BHP Billiton had paid US$2.5 million in unofficial payments, to the government, to secure a mining concession (An Alternative Annual Report 2010). BHP has not revealed what over payment was for but controversially the countries BHP operates in have poor records on corruptions and are desperately in need of foreign investment. Protection of the Environment BHP states that: Protection of the Environment: The supplier must operate in a manner that is protective of the environment and comply with all applicable environmental laws, regulations and standards, environmental permitting and re porting (BHP Bilton, Corporate social responsibility requirements). However in 1996 it was sued by Slater and Gordon for one of worlds most devastating environmental disasters when it discharged over one billion tonnes of tailings and waste material into the source of the Ok Tedi River in Papua New Guinea (PNG). This caused more than 3,000 square kilometres of deforestation, turned the tropical rain forests into savannahs, caused 95% decline in fish population (An Alternative Annual Report 2010). Workplace Health and Safety BHP states that it must ensure: the provision of safe and healthy working facilities and appropriate precautionary measures to protect employees from work-related hazards and anticipated dangers in the workplace (BHP Billiton, Corporate social responsibility requirements). However five of its workers in the Western Australia operations died in fatal injuries due to unsafe working practices from 2008-2010 (An Alternative Annual Report 2010). BHP also states that it must ensure: workers receive regular and recorded health and safety training (BHP Billiton, Corporate social responsibility requirements). However in its South African operations employees were not informed about the health and safety risks of handling a chemical element called manganese which causes illnesses such as Parkinsons Disease (An Alternative Annual Report 2010). Effectiveness of BHPs CSR Policy Despite its bad history BHP has usually maintained a good CSR reputation. In fact the Australian Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility went so far as to list BHP in the 2010/11 Top 20 Australian Listed Companies based on its advanced CSR capabilities (State of CSR in Australia Annual Review 2010/11). The real question here is has BHP earned its right to good CSR reputation? History of Public Relations It is a well-known fact that many companies spend a lot of money on Public Relations (PR) to manage their reputation. In the late 1990s BHP employed the Ecos Corp, an environmental PR company founded by former Greenpeace International Executive Director Paul Gilding to help repair its reputation after the OK Tedi Mine disaster in PNG (Ecos 2007). The public relations was aimed at countering the bad publicity through campaigns including advertisements in business publications such as the Financial Review and Australian TV. BHP also offered legal support to the PNG Government for the development of new environmental laws. Unfortunately for BHP, this resulted in an even bigger public outcry, as the company was accused of interfering with its legislation in an effort to protect its own interests (Quester et al 2001). Evaluation The evaluation of BHPs CSR Policy resides in the adequacy of its reporting standards. Clarke (2007) argues that in order for a company to receive creditability they must disclose their processes, procedures and assumptions in reporting. It can be argued that BHP has intentionally chosen not to transparently report on the cases as mentioned in this report, for the simple fact that it leaves it open to more risk and public scrutiny. However this lack of acknowledgement effectively contradicts its stewardship and attests its reliability. Increased public awareness demands that CSR reporting will no longer be used as a public relations tool. This can be seen, as mentioned previously, through the introduction of the Australian Federal Government Mining Tax and other legislation such as the UK Bribery Act, both will inevitably have a significant impact on the way BHP conducts its business. Additionally important are organisations such as BHP Billiton Watch, which was formed to deal with the prominent concerns of communities and organisations across the world regarding BHPs activities (BHP Billiton Watch n.d). Conclusion It is inevitable that organisations such as BHP, in controversial industries such as mining, are never going to be holistically accepted. However, todays forward thinking generation recognise the impacts and challenges of CSR including safety, environmental, community and socio-economic issues. Stakeholders including shareholders demand greater accountability than simply financial returns. Therefore verification and transparency are key to BHPs success and the credibility of its CSR. BHP boasts of a strong reputation and has an opportunity and increased responsibility to enhance and contribute to a safe renewable environment and set an example for other companies alike.

Religion: Who needs it? :: social issues

Religion: Who needs it? Why is it that humans are constantly looking elsewhere for what they are able to provide themselves? People with washers and dryers send their clothes to be cleaned. Owners of houses stocked full of food can be found at McDonald's. Billions of people can be found each week inside churches. Wait...the cleaners,McDonald's and churches? Yep. People are constantly trying to make their lives easier. Darwin theorized that this was part of "Survival of the Fittest." That the easier we make our lives, the more like we are to survive. Religion is one more way, along with self-starting coffee pots, that we have developed to make our lives easier and ultimately more bearable. Assuming that there is some "master plan" that we can't see makes. Religion is simply a self-made, self-serving idea. Humans are the only animals on the planet capable of keeping track of time. Because of this, we pompously assume that only the most valuable of projects are worth our time. We sometimes say, "That was a total waste of my time." What if our entire lives were a waste? What if there was nothing after this life to greet us? The idea that lives are giant wastes would obviously make same people rather annoyed. With religion in our life we are content in the belief that we are constantly working toward something. There is a reason for all the pain, heartache and suffering. Another way that religion is self-serving is through the way that it shuns responsibility. By way of religion we are able to place our "eternal happiness" on someone elses shoulders. Although it is our responsibility to live the kind of life that we think God would want us to live, it is ultimately his decision wether we succeed or fail. Because of this I really appreciate the Buddhist way of thinking. Buddhist teach that you are to look inside yourself to find the inspiration and good to reach the ultimate goal, known as enlightenment. Through this it is no one's responsibility but your own if you aren't happy or successful. It isn't that God has or hasn't blessed you, it's that the answer lies within yourself and you just haven't found it yet. The last way that religion is self serving and foolish is in another way that we make oursleves happier and more content. Through self-induced propaganda we believe that regardless of our situation in life, someone is watching us, and taking care of us.

Influence of Parents on Academic Performance Essay

Authorities parenting, psychosocial maturity and academic success among adolescents, study of Steinberg et al. (1989) describes that when a parents treat their child warmly, democratically, and firmly, they will develop positive attitudes, they will achieve more and do better in school. Multidimensional conceptualization of parent involvement in children’s schooling according to Grolmck’s (1994), it describes that parents must support their child specially to their experiences. Parental Involvement and academic achievement of peer accepted and peer rejected children, a study by Chowdhary and Jayasmita (1997), describes that parental involvement may have influence to the academic performance of a child as a accepted or rejected. Comparative study of parent-child relationships of high and low achievers, study by Kang et al. (1997); the Tiwari (1997) was used to develop this study, it used eight dimensions at parent and child relations such as acceptance, rejection, domina nce-submission, encouragement-discouragement, love-hate, authoritarian-democratic, reward-punishment, trust-disburst, tolerance-hostility. In this study it reveals that children who had warm relationships with their parents achieved higher in classroom. Parent-child relationship and academic motivation, study of Suman et al. (2003), it revealed that the achievement motivation was higher when adolescents perceived their parents as loving and demanding. Sibling rivalry and relation to achievement motivation, study of Vasuki et. al (2004), data were from Neerakatwal’s (1988) and Deo Mohan’s Achievement Motivation Scale (1985), it showed that rivalry towards siblings, tended to have low levels of achievement motivation. Effect of Peer Academic Reputation on Achievement Gest et. al (2005) argued that peer academic reputation (PAR) may influence children’s academic motivation and achievement even if it is not veridical. This argument is consistent with research on the effect of teacher expectations on achievement, which demonstrates that teacher perception of children’s academic ability, whether accurate or not, affect student’s grades and scores on standardized achievement tests (for reviews see Brophy, 1983, Jussim Eccles, and Mardon 1996, and Jussim and Harber, 2005) Developmental Issues Researchers speculate that growth in social cognitive skills, including the capacity and motivation to use social comparison information to shape self-evaluations, account for the trend toward more negative and more differentiated self-perception in grades K-3 (Kuklinsks and Weinstein 2001: Markus and Wurf, 1987). Also make children the transition from kindergarten to the more formal academic setting of grades 1-3, more social comparison cues, may be available, and feedback on one’s academic performance may be based more on comparison to others versus improvement over one’s prior performance (Eccles et. al, 1993: Ruble and Frey, 1987: Ruble, Grosovsky, Frey, and Cohen, 1992) Influence of siblings on adjustment of adolescents Conger et al. (1997) carried a study on parents, siblings, psychological control and adolescents. Data were obtained by using Rosenberg measure of self esteem (Rosenberg, 1965) Pearten measure of control and mastery developed by (Pearlin, 1981), SCR-90-R (Symptom checklist revised; Derogatis, 1983) was administered. Results of the study indicated that psychological control both by parents and by siblings contributes to increase adolescents adjustment problems and to diminished self-confidence. Vasuki et al. (2004) carried a study on â€Å"sibling rivalry and its relation to frustration, mental health and self conflict of adolescents† on a sample of 60 girls and 60 boys from three city schools of in the age group of 15-18 years. Data were obtained using Neerakatual’s (1998) sibling relationship questionnaire, Chauhan and Govind Tiwari’s (1969) Frustration test, Smt Rama Tiwari’s (1986) self conflict questionnaire, Jagdish and Srivastava’s Mental health questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that both males and females of dyads and multiples showed rivalry towards their siblings in a homogeneous way. Greater extent of sibling rivalry also lead the adolescents to become more frustrated. Oliva et al. (2005) carriedout a study on â€Å"sibling relationship during adolescence† on a sample of 513 adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years. Data were obtained by using an instrument created by Steinberg et al. (1991) to assess the parenting style, questionnaire on sibling relationships (QSR; Arranz et al., 1994), inventory of peer attachment (IPA) developed by Armsdeu and Greenberg (1987) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965). Results of this study indicated that having siblings was related to adolescent’s social and personal adjustment, although only among girls and only in cases of good sibling relationships. In cases of poor sibling adjustment, it was the negative effects of every day situations of rivalry and conflict outweighed the benefits of any support that was provided.

Summary and Analysis of David Mamets Play Oleanna

Summary and Analysis of David Mamets Play Oleanna Oleanna, a powerful two-character drama by David Mamet, explores the destructiveness of miscommunication and excessive political correctness. It is a play about academic politics, student/teacher relationships, and sexual harassment. Plot Overview Carol, a female college student, privately meets with her male professor. She is concerned about failing the class. She is frustrated because she doesn’t understand the professor’s overly verbose lectures. At first, the professor (John) is callous with her, but when she explains that she feels incompetent, he expresses empathy for her. He â€Å"likes her† so he bends the rules and decides to give her an â€Å"A† if she agrees to meet with him to discuss the material, one-on-one. Act One During most of Act One, the teacher is abrupt, interruptive, and distracted by continual phone calls about real estate problems. When the student does get a chance to speak, it is difficult for her to express herself clearly. Their conversation becomes personal and sometimes upsetting. He touches her shoulder on several occasions, urging her to sit down or to remain in the office. Finally, she is about to confess something deeply personal, but the phone rings yet again and she never discloses her secret. Act Two An unknown amount of time passes (probably a few days)  and John meets with Carol again. However, it is not to discuss education or philosophy. The student has written a formal complaint about the professor’s behavior. She feels that the instructor was lewd and sexist. Also, she claims that his physical contact was a form of sexual harassment. Interestingly, Carol is now very well spoken. She criticizes him with great clarity and mounting hostility. The teacher is astounded that his previous conversation was interpreted in such an offensive way. Despite John’s protests and explanations, Carol is unwilling to believe that his intentions were good. When she decides to leave, he holds her back. She becomes scared and rushes out the door, calling for help. Act Three During their final confrontation, the professor is packing up his office. He has been fired. Perhaps because he is a glutton for punishment, he invites the student back to make sense out of why she destroyed his career. Carol has now become even more powerful. She spends much of the scene pointing out her instructor’s many flaws. She declares she is not out for revenge; instead she has been prompted by â€Å"her group† to take these measures. When it is revealed that she has filed criminal charges of battery and attempted rape, things get really ugly! (But this article won’t spoil the ending for the reader.) Who Is Right? Who Is Wrong? The genius of this play is that it stimulates discussion, even arguments. Is the professor attracted to her in Act One?Does he behave inappropriately?Does he deserve to be denied tenure?What are her motives?Is she doing this simply out of spite?Is she right to claim her professor is sexist? Or is she merely over-reacting? That’s the fun of this drama; it all about the perspective of each audience member. Ultimately, both characters are deeply flawed. Throughout the play, they rarely agree or understand each other. Carol, the Student Mamet designed her character so that most of the audience will ultimately loath Carol by Act Two. The fact that she interprets his touch on the shoulder as sexual assault shows that Carol may have some issues that she does not reveal. In the final scene, she tells the professor not to call his wife â€Å"Baby.† This is Mamet’s way of showing that Carol has truly crossed a line, prompting the enraged professor to cross a line of his own. John, the Teacher John may have good intentions in Act One. However, he doesn’t seem to be a very good or wise instructor. He spends most of his time waxing eloquently about himself and very little time actually listening. He does flaunt his academic power, and he does unintentionally demean Carol by shouting, â€Å"Sit down!† and by physically trying to urge her to stay and finish their conversation. He doesn’t realize his own capacity for aggression until it is too late. Still, many audience members believe that he is completely innocent of the charges of sexual harassment and attempted rape. Ultimately, the student possesses an underlying deviousness. The teacher, on the other hand, is overtly pompous and foolish. Together they make a very dangerous combination.

9 Celebrities Who Used To Be Truck Drivers

9  Celebrities Who Used To Be Truck Drivers Ever wonder how they started out? Ever sit behind the wheel of your rig and daydream that you could be famous too? Turns out, some of your favorite celebrities got their start as truckers. 1. Charles BronsonHe won a Purple Heart for his work as an army trucker. This actor from The Dirty Dozen, The Great Escape, and Death Wish  also trained to be a pilot. He’s hardwired to operate heavy machinery!2. James CameronThis  director of Titanic and Avatar  got his start trucking, too. The next time you see a semi on the side of the highway, just imagine there’s an aspiring director behind the wheel, working on his screenplay between miles.3. Chevy ChaseAfter medical school and a jazz band,  he  drove trucks before his first big break on Saturday Night Live.4. Sean ConneryTruck driving runs in his blood. His father was a trucker in Scotland before him, so it came as no surprise when the future Bond, James Bond drove 18-wheelers after leaving the Royal Navy.5. Rock Huds onRemember him? He  drove trucks after World War II, before he hit it big as a rom-com star with Doris Day.6. Richard PryorThis funny guy drove trucks both in Germany and at home before breaking out as a comedian.7. Viggo MortensonThis actor, famous for his roles in movies like  Lord of the Rings, Crimson Tide, and A History of Violence,  mostly worked in Denmark shipyards; but even he did a few trucking jobs in his home country before making it big.8. Liam NeesonThis megastar might never have been famous if it hadn’t been for his truck driving school instructor encouraging him to consider acting. He could have spent his best years as a Guinness forklift operator instead of fighting kidnappers on the silver screen.9. Elvis PresleyThe King of Rock n’ Roll himself  drove trucks after high school to make a living. Some say he even got his signature hairdo from the truck driver fashion of the time.So whatever your dream is, don’t forget how many famous men b efore you got it done while on the road.

Enterprise Group Policy for Security Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enterprise Group Policy for Security - Lab Report Example d access to local administrative includes the following: Modification of any registry setting, modification permissions on any file or folder, modification of any settings of the system, including setting stored in files in the system folder and many others. Allowing users to run as administrators can lead to potential security attacks and breaches (Dean 97). From control panel right click on local groups and users and from the menu, click on new-local group and from the dialogue box that appears, into the group text box type administrators, then select â€Å"remove the current user† check box. Then select apply (Dean 107). It is essential to reset the administrator password since the user had the privileges of an administrative before restricting them from the local administrators group. If the password is reset simultaneously with the extraction of user account the user may never have a chance alter or know the new local administrator password (Thilagam 79). From the control panel right click on groups and local users. On the menu select new-local user and from the dialogue box that appears into the user name text box type in administrator then into password text box type in new password and confirm in password confirm text box. Then select apply (Thilagam 99). User account control (UAC) offers a chance to facilitate security of the computer when an administrator and a user are logged in. It enhances protection against any virus or application that tries to write to protected/restricted areas of the computer (Rocha 123). Computer security is in a local network is very essential since it prevents both the computers and the user or administrator. The GPOs are in the frontline to ensure that the computers are fully protected against viruses and alteration of system files and folders by the

IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

IT - Essay Example Affect-based Trust is related to the the benefits that the client would get directly like quick and improved services whilst Cognition-based services relates to those advantages that a client would see and have evidence of like reduced cost of transactions and access to money without queuing and the like. Jointly, these two add up to the satisfaction a client would gain by patronizing e-commerce products of a bank. In this research, we therefore ask, what are the important factors that affect e-banking in UAE? What are the main consumer attitudes towards e-banking services in UAE? What is the effectiveness of e-banking services rendered by banks to individuals and organizations in UAE? The research seeks to add up to the stock of knowledge on the effectiveness of e-banking services rendered in UAE and the customer attitudes to e-banking services in UAE. ... The research would provide a background for the study of trends and matters pertaining to e-banking. This can enable banks, consumers and potential consumers to get a good understanding of the reaction of consumers to e-banking products and services that are offered in the UAE. Literature Review Online banking is the â€Å"process that allows a consumer to perform banking functions online. Online banking can be accomplished through the internet with specific account information and a consumer password† (Sam, 2008: 7). Online banking refers to an electronic form of carrying out traditional banking processes and transactions through the Internet and other forms of computer software systems. This implies that online banking enables a consumer to complete a banking activity using the internet and other related electronic tools like mobile phones and other sophisticated computer systems. This is also referred to as e-banking, which encompasses banking carried out in an electronic f ormat. In a bank, e-banking a typical e-banking department consists of groups responsible for marketing and sales, internet activities, electronic commerce, call center services, ATM operations and mobile phone bank services (Hlupic, 2003: 109). In other words, e-banking combines the operations and activities of several related departments in a bank to ensure that the clients of the bank get the opportunity to undertake normal banking services through electronic means. This requires the co-operation and combined efforts of several units to ensure that customers get prompt attention about their transactions, reduce fraud and get a good understanding of the internet banking

For the film JFK, what is Oliver Stone's agenda Essay

For the film JFK, what is Oliver Stone's agenda - Essay Example Johnson was a member of the ring that planned Kennedy’s assassination (Stone 589). So, the most critical question in this film is the director’s agenda when he was making up this film. This essay examines Stone Oliver’s agenda in the film and whether the film was received, by both the public and the media, as it was intended. The assassination of President John F. Kennedy was a thrilling event that left the American people and the world startled. The world was confused the most when such an injustice in a developed world was tainted by unexplained occurrences when the assassination investigations started. The film captures this in detail by going back to the years when President Kennedy was President and the unfolding of the events that supposedly cost his life. Among the ones captured are the early years of Vietnam War, the invasion of the Bay of Pigs, the missile crisis in Cuba, and the Laotian civil war (Brent 51). It was in November 22, 1963 that President Ke nnedy was brutally killed. It was after this occasion that New Orleans Jim Garrison and team got some hints on the assassination, and they commenced their investigation but the Federal Government publicly rebukes the developments (Salewic 80). The New Orleans attorney is forced to close the case when the alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is murdered before he could go on trial. This occurrence further startled the world as to the game which Kennedy’s assassins had launched. After this closure, the film captures the reopening of the investigation in 1966 when Garrison related his encounter to Senator Long while he was on a plane trip. The inaccuracies in the Warren commission’s report enabled Garrison to identify some conflicts. In the film, several witnesses are interrogated by Garrison and his staff including other witnesses involved with Oswald. His informal investigations led to another suspect Ferrie, who is put on the spot when a witness testified that he saw Fer rie conspiring with Oswald, Shaw, and some Latin men to murder the President (Gary 1). Another interesting development was placed by Jean Hill who told the investigators that she witnessed the killing, and had heard four to six shots in total coming from the grassy Knoll, but was coerced by the U.S. Secret Service to testify that she had heard three shots from the book depository (Brent 52). This revelation led Garrison team to believe that there were changes made to Hill’s testimony given to Warren commission. Garrison investigators revealed that from their logical analysis of the alleged crime scene, the shots were not made by one person; there were others who were involved in the shootouts and thus, Oswald was not the only assassin. Given that there were two close shots, there was a possibility that two more assassins were involved. Another message that Oliver was sending to the world was that the then senior government personalities and the security ring were involved in the murder. In this case, the film reveals that Garrison discovered electronic surveillance microphones placed in his offices and meets X, a high official in Washington DC who revealed that the government, the CIA, the FBI, the U. S. Secret Service and the then Vice President Lyndon Johnson had a motive to cover up the cause of Kennedy’s death (Gary 1). Mr. X explains that president Kennedy was killed because it was

Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development Strategy Essay Example for Free

Process for Implemenation of Supplier Development Strategy Essay Introduction Supply chain management adopts a systematic and integrative approach to manage the operation and relationship amongst different parties in supply chain one of the major issues is supplier development studies have investigated how quality management can be employer in supply chain management to influence performance in the whole supply network. (Mishra Rik, Patel G-Supplier Development Strategies, Data employment Analysis Business Intelligence Journal, January 2010 vol 3 No.1) There are 8 stages of implementation of supplier development 2.1 Identify critical commodities for development Managers must analyse their situation to determine whether Supplier development is important and if so which purchased commodities and services require the most attention. A corporate level executive steering committee must assess the relevant strategic importance of all goods and services that the company buys and produce a portfolio of critical commodities 2.2 Identify critical suppliers for development The managers must assess the performance of suppliers who supply commodities in the â€Å"strategic supplier category†. These commodities considered strategically important, as they might be difficult to substitute or purchase from alternative suppliers. 2.3 Form a cross-functional team A buyer must first develop internal cross-functional consensus for the initiative before approaching the supplies to ask for improvement such consensus will help to show a â€Å"unified front† and ensure that all buyer functions. 2.4 Meet with supplier’s top management team The buyer’s cross functional commodity team must approach the supplier’s top management group and establish three keys to supplier improvement, strategic alignment, supplier measurement and professionalism. 5 Identify opportunities and probability for improvement At these meetings with the suppliers executive should identify areas earmarked for improvement. Companies adopting a strategic approach to supply base development can usually agree upon areas or improvement .In some areas driven by final customer requirements and expectations. 2.6 Identify key projects After identifying promising opportunities of supplier development managers must evaluate them in terms of feasibility, resource and time requirements and potential return on investments. The aim is to decide what the goals should be and whether they are achievable. 2.7 Define details of the agreement After the potential improvement project is identified, the parties need to agree on specific merthies for monitoring its success. 2.8 Monitor status and modify strategies Manages must constantly monitor the progress and constantly exchange information to maintain momentum in the project. (http://www.ethenmanagementor.com.kuniverser/kmailer_universe/manu_kmailers/som-supplierdev1.htm. Accessed 15/09/2011) Different types Supply Chain relationships | |Transactional |Collaborative |Alliance | | |Relationships |relationships |relationships | |Communication |High potential for problems |Systematic approach to | | | |enhance communication | |Competitive |Low |High | |advantage |Independence | | |Connectedness |Little |Interdependence | |Continuous |Few | | |improvement | |A focus on | |Contributions to | | | |new product |Low |Many/early supplier | |development |Short |involvement | | |Reactive |Difficult/high impact | |Difficulty of exit |Price |Long | |Duration | Little or none |Proactive | |Expediting |Low |Total cost | |Focus | |High or total | |Level of integration |Many |High | |Level of trust |No | | |Number of |Incoming inspection | | |suppliers |Inward looking |One or few | |Open books | |Yes | |Quality | |Design quality into system | |Relations | |Concern with each other’s | | |Few/low skill level |well-being | |Resources |Minimal |Professional | |Service |No |Greatly improved | |Shared forecasts |Possible |Yes | |Supply disruptions |No |Unlikely | |Technology inflows |Tactical |Yes | |Type of interaction | |Strategic synergy | (Handfield RB; Monczka RM; Giunipero LC; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management; 2004 pg 123) Portfolio Analysis 4.1 Captive buyer Captive buyer relationship the supplier dominates the buyer and the buyer depends on the supplier. In these particular captive buyer relationships this dependence of the buyer is due to the unique intellectual property of the supplier. Because of this intellectual property the buyer has limited or no Substitutes to turn to creating a dependence on the supplier. Despite this dependence a high level of trust plays an important role in making this relationship fruitful for both parties. Apparently the dominance of the supplier is limited to the extent that the mutual trust stays intact. But the level of trust also has its limits from the supplier’s perspective. The supplier is not willing to trust the buyer with its intellectual property. The obvious reason for this is the risk that the supplier would lose its dominating position. Thus, the supplier has a special interest in maintaining its dominant position. The survey and interviews indicate that for captive buyer relationships the explanatory variables were the lack of substitutes, legal property rights and size of the supplier. Apparently the legal property rights of the supplier, and the resulting lack of substitutes, causes the buyer to depend on the supplier. These factors, combined with a supplier that is much larger than the buyer, results in a relationship that can be described as a captive buyer situation. (http://dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf ;Accessed 15/09/2011) 2 Captive Supplier Captive supplier relationship the supplier depends on the buyer and the buyer therefore overpowers the supplier. This unbalance of power can have one or a combination of factors: the size of the buyer and its market share but also the switching costs for the supplier contribute to the dependence of the supplier on the buyer. Despite the fact that the supplier has important intellectual property this is not sufficient to balance the level of power towards the buyer. To make this relationship a fruitful one cooperation and mutual goals are of great importance. Via these mutual goals the buyer does depend on the supplier to some extent, thus preventing the buyer from abusing its dominance over the supplier. For this reason, in a captive supplier situation the buyer will also invest (heavily) in the relationship but not to the extent that it loses it’s dominating position. While studying the captive supplier relationships, it became apparent that the Explanatory variables were market share, lack of substitutes, legal property rights, non-retrievable investments and the size of the supplier. These factors resulted in a captive buyer situation. Again the presence of legal property rights, this time of the buyer, causes the supplier to have limited or no substitutes. Furthermore the relationship involved significant non-retrievable investments for the supplier, making it even more difficult to switch to another buyer. Finally, the high market share of the buyer compared to the small size of the supplier was a significant factor. The net result of these explanatory variables is a captive supplier relationship. (http://dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf; Accessed 15/09/2011) 3 Interdependent Supply Chain members Some kind of starting point is needed for identification of supply chains. For instance, an end product of some kind may be used for identification and analysis of the activity structure organised behind it. This is in line with the transvection concept coined by Alderson (1965, p. 92) who defines transvections as comprising all prior action necessary to produce this final result, going all the way back to conglomerate resources. This, however, entails a first important connection among chains as they typically merge in different stages within an activity structure where different parts of the end product are assembled, welded etc, tying different chains together successively (Dubois, 1998). Consequently, several different products (and thus also several chains, if defined by products) are involved in every supply chain resulting in some kind of end-product. Taking transvections, or end-product related structures, as a starting point we will further analyse the ways in which the activities and resources within supply chains are connected by analysin g how they are subject to the three forms of interdependence. (http://www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/4324.pdf ;accessed 15/09/2011) 5. Buyer /supplier relationship (Handfield RB; Monczka RM; Giunipero LC; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management; 2004) High Category Level Low Conclusion The concept of power should be at the centre of any study of buyer-supplier relationships. Power affects the expectations of the two parties over what commercial returns should accrue to them from a relationship. It also affects the willingness of the two parties to invest in collaborative activities. As important, it also affects the willingness of the two parties to share the costs of relationship-specific investments .It also affects the willingness of the two parties to share sensitive information. As a result, an understanding of the power relation which is often stable, with the relative stability should, from the point of view of the purchasing manager, inform both the supplier selection and the relationship management decision as he or she attempts to manage risk proactively. Bibliography 1. http://www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/4320.pdf 2. http://dspace.learningnetworks.org/bitstream/1820/3545/1/MWBHMJFleurenmei2011.pdf. 3. Mishra Rik, Patel G-Supplier Development Strategies, Data employment Analysis Business Intelligence Journal, January 2010 vol 3 No.1 4. Handfield RB; Monczka RM; Giunipero LC; Patterson JL. Sourcing and supply chain management; 2004 |1.Leaverage: |2.Strategic : | |Captive Supplier |Mutual dependence | |The buyer has power |Trust is necessary | |Trust may be lacking | | |3.Routine: |4. Bottleneck | |Mutual Independent |Captive buyer | |Trust not necessary |The Supplier has power | | |Trust may be lacking | LowHighBusiness Risk

Evolution Of Quantity Surveying And Its Effects Construction Essay

Evolution Of Quantity Surveying And Its Effects Construction Essay Quantity implies amount, number, measure, extent, size, magnitude and mass. Surveyor denotes inspector, assessor, examiner, reviewer and evaluator. The name Quantity Surveyor was originally derived from the initial need for the profession; which is to prepare the Bill of Quantities from plans, describing the material, items of work and the quantities required. Builders also use the Bill of Quantities when submitting tenders in order to secure work. Currently, Quantity Surveyors functions involve numerous activities. It is these activities that far remove the profession from that of simple bean brick counting. With the changing environment, the quantity surveyor has evolved to satisfy the marketplace by filling the gaps across diverse industries, as is reflected in industry changes, title changes and education. Suitable titles have now become necessary, namely those of Construction Cost Consultants, Building or Construction Economists, Cost Engineers and Commercial Managers. The cluster sampling survey method was used, which involved pilot interviews and structured questionnaire surveys. Investigations were limited to the views expressed by both students of Quantity Surveying and professionals employed outside the traditional construction industry who were members of the South African Council of Quantity Surveyors, although the views of practitioners with no professional affiliations were also sought. Content analysis, descriptive statistics, multi-attribute techniques and rank correlation tests were used in the analysis of the research data. The Potential Outputs of my research this work in progress could include Changes in courses at tertiary institutions or the introduction of new courses, a name change for Quantity Surveying as a Profession. Keywords: Changing, Effects, Evolution, Quantity Surveying 1 Introduction Historically, the three major employers of Quantity Surveyors were; professional Quantity Surveying firms (PQS), municipalities and government departments, as well as construction and civil engineering companies . companies. Quantity surveyors are increasingly employed across several industries. Industries rang, ranginge from chemical e.g. Fluor, communications e.g. Telkom, electrical e.g. Eskom, Oil oil refineries e.g. Sapref. What does this mean regarding the demand for the profession? This report will also strive to ascertain what they are doing there, how they are valued and so forth. The option of working in an industry of your choosing elevates the status of quantity surveying as a profession. This should be tantamount to greater job opportunities and employment security, further enhancing quantity surveying as a target profession. How does this impact on students career choice? Due to the range of services currently provided, the profession is becoming less reliant on construction, as it places more emphasis on finance, which enables greater involvement in other industries such as insurance, banking, law, and property management. If in fact there are many other industries employing quantity surveyors, this spells good news for the profession. A knock on effect would be an increase in the number of students applying to study Quantity Surveying as a career, as it moves away from the traditional construction approach. Throughput rates will also be affected, as a greater number of students could havecould have access to in-service training earlier. For the long term, course material/notes might change/adapt to suit the various sectors, as each, having subtle differences in approaches would need the necessary Curriculum curriculum and syllabus changes. The Quantity Surveying profession is at an interesting stage, where opportunities and rewards will be high for those who are innovative, keen on research and willing to embrace the hallengeschallenges of the future and emerging technology. 2 Literature Review 2.1 The Establishment of Quantity Surveying There is a shortage of qualified Quantity Surveyors with good employment opportunities in various industries the (AIQS, 2010). Demand for qualified and experienced Quantity Surveyors has been high in recent years. Historically, this demand follows the fortunes of the building, construction and engineering industries. When industry booms, so does the need for Quantity Surveyors. By the middle of the 20th century Quantity surveying had evolved to a recognised profession in the construction industry (Ashworth and Willis, 1995). Quantity Surveying had developed into the traditional role of keeping accounts and controlling of construction costs for both the client and the builder. The prime role of the quantity surveyor pivots around the aspect of cost control of projects (Willis and Trench, 1999). From inception to completion necessitates a detailed knowledge of contractor s prices, experience of the construction process and an ability to foresee the likely effect of economic trends. Quantity surveyors are construction economists who fulfil varied and comprehensive duties to support cost-effective construction and property development projects (Ilias et al., 2010). The core competencies of quantity surveyors include determining project budgets, measuring project quantities, preparing contract documentation such as Bills of Quantities and cost control documents, administering contracts, and preparing final accounts. Despite being recognised as a professional discipline distinct from architecture and civil engineering since 1836, quantity surveyors are not immune to the threats and changes in their operating environment. Some parties in the construction industry have been critical about the quality of works and services provided by quantity surveyors. Some even question the importance of appointing quantity surveyors as project consultants. Because of these challenges, the profession needs to regroup and take stock of the whole situation so that they will not become extinct in the future, this includes all parties who have vested interest in the development of the profession, be it the students, educators and professionals. Every profession evolves in response to the ever-increasing changes in the global business environment (Marcel and Jasper, 2009). In order to remain relevant, globally competitive and successful, New Zealand Quantity Surveyors need to constantly scan their business landscape to discern new directions and to adapt to imminent changes in their professional practice. This study aims to investigate the current areas of, and future directions in, quantity surveying practice in the New Zealand construction industry; imminent opportunities and threats; and ways to proactively maximise the opportunities and minimise the threats. The results of a survey, based on a structured questionnaire reflecting 23 defined competencies, which were derived from the literature and from in-depth interviews with selected practitioners, indicated that technically orientated competencies were rated of highest importance for current services, while management orientated competencies were rated of higher importance for future services (Nkado and Meyer, 2001). Quantity surveying firms that offer services overseas have more staff than non-exporters .exporters. They also handle larger projects and offer a wider range of services (Florence Yean and Chan, 2008). Recent practice, however, has gone back to the original intent of value engineering, i.e., to improve the value of the end product or service (McDuff, 2001). This typically means that the client is going to receive more for their money because of the practice of value engineering. 2.2 Current and Future Trends of Quantity Surveying Quantity surveyors are also employed by large engineering companies as well as and housing agencies (AGCAS, 1994). Specialist home builders seek the expertise of quantity surveyors, as do some trading agencies, including any public committees who control extensive property investments. Multinational mechanical contractors and energy conglomerates regularly employ quantity surveyors under the unconventional title of Cost Engineer. The University of Salford is offering post graduate Electrical Quantity Surveying courses, Mechanical Quantity Surveying courses and Electrical Mechanical Quantity Surveying courses (Salford, 2011). These courses are accredited by the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors. The MSc Quantity Surveying in Mechanical Electrical programme is aimed at the mechanical and electrical sectors. Due to the increased importance on low carbon emissions and sustainability in the modern built environment, new roles are emerging for the Mechanical Electrical Quantity Surveyor in the areas of renewable energy, sustainability, low carbon technologies and energy management involved in the provision of careers and employability. With buildings accounting for around 50% of all carbon emissions, the quantity surveyor plays a significant role in combating climate change. The need for Quantity Surveyors is relatively consistent (AIQS, 2010). The range of services provided by the profession has become less dependent on the level of construction but more on finance and property management. Quantity surveyors are known by various names, as they are also called Construction Cost Consultants, Building / Construction Economists, Cost Engineers and Estimators. The Quantity Surveying profession is at an interesting stage, where opportunities and rewards will be high for those who are innovative, keen on research and willing to embrace the challenges of the future and emerging technology. A description of the quantity surveying profession states that, Quantity Surveyors get a lot more involved in all aspects of construction as well as other industries such as insurance, banking, law etc. (University, 2010). An article in a career recruitment company further speaks of a Chartered Quantity Surveyor working as a Commercial Manager (Kempthorne, 2010). As a job description for a Quantity Surveying role, it was stipulated that market need creates evolved Quantity Surveyors (Construction, 2011). Quantity Surveyors meet the ever evolving needs of their clients, offering a vast range of services as depicted in the following website article (Brown, 2010). Today several Quantity Surveyors have explored opportunities out of the boundaries of construction industry, examples being the financial industry, insurance industry, manufacturing industry and real estate sector. (NISA et al., 2006). As emphasised, being one of the key professional experts in the construction sector, Quantity Surveyors have the utmost responsibility to address the key cost, financial and contractual issues of the construction process, which is always highly influenced by the environmental parameters, which are very sensitive to changes and are unique for every project (Senaratne and Sabesan, 2008). The new approaches in construction culture, procurement strategies, changing markets, delivering added value and supply chain management, partnering, private finance initiatives have directed the construction industry towards a new route of evolvement (Cartlidge, 2002). The importance of this is further emphasised due to the declining role of manufacturing and increasing growth in the service sector of the economy .economy. In order to subsist and grow in the future, quantity surveying profession has the utmost necessity to respond to the accelerating social, technological, economical and environmental changes quickly as well as productively (Surveyors, 1992). Since the needs and expectations of the clients are ever changing facts, in order to compete and to excel in the profession, quantity surveyors have to acquire and operate wide range of diverse skills outside the normal traditional Quantity Surveying role (Pathirage and Amaratunga, 2006). The changing nature of the construction and development industry such as the adoption of innovative technological processes and development, the emergence of highly focused professionals and the full range of advanced technologies will necessitate a much stronger emphasis on job competencies than ever before (Lenard, 2000). The findings are important given the increasing globalization of construction services, especially given the international ties between designers, quantity surveyors and other built environment professionals (Bowen et al., 2010) .